2015考研英語詞匯:最熟悉的陌生人
[摘要] 大綱明確列出來要求我們掌握的詞匯有5560個(gè),那排除掉我們初高中,包括大學(xué)就學(xué)習(xí)過的一些一見如故的單詞,比如here, there, am, is, are, what, which之外呢,還有一些對(duì)于我們來講,屬于似曾相識(shí)的詞匯。對(duì)于這些詞匯,說明我們記憶的功力還欠火候,還需要多下功夫再去鞏固。

英語大綱明確列出來要求我們掌握的詞匯有5560個(gè),那排除掉我們初高中,包括大學(xué)就學(xué)習(xí)過的一些一見如故的單詞,比如here,?there,?am,?is,?are,?what,?which之外呢,還有一些對(duì)于我們來講,屬于似曾相識(shí)的詞匯。對(duì)于這些詞匯,說明我們記憶的功力還欠火候,還需要多下功夫再去鞏固。對(duì)于剩下的那些單詞呢,我們把它稱之為黑色詞匯,完全不認(rèn)識(shí),屬于純粹的陌生人,那建議大家在背的時(shí)候重點(diǎn)把這些詞標(biāo)注出來,作重點(diǎn)記憶。
今天我們重點(diǎn)聊一聊詞匯當(dāng)中那些熟悉的陌生人。可能有同學(xué)要問?什么是熟悉的陌生人呢?我舉幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,比如air這個(gè)單詞,我們可能初中就學(xué)過,它指的是“空氣,大氣”。但是放在考研的文章中,會(huì)怎么考我們呢?以加了s的形式出現(xiàn),變成airs.?這個(gè)時(shí)候如果我們還按空氣來理解的話,那就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了,因?yàn)樵谖恼绿囟ǖ恼Z境下,意思根本順不下來。到底是什么意思呢?airs指的是“樣子,擺架子”,有偏貶義的口吻。再比如,damage這個(gè)詞,我們最多熟悉的是它可以作為動(dòng)詞指“損害,損壞”,當(dāng)然還可以作為名詞指“損害”,那如果加了s之后,也就是damages它又是什么意思呢?可能有的同學(xué)說,老師它是第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。對(duì),沒有問題,?這是動(dòng)詞的含義。此外,它還可以做名詞,含義相當(dāng)于“compensation”指的是“賠償金”。再給大家舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,比如intelligence,這個(gè)單詞,我們第一印象想到的可能是“智力”,這是最基本的含義,此外它還可以作為“情報(bào)”來理解,放在閱讀理解里,如果我們不知道它的這層含義,勢(shì)必找不到與它相對(duì)應(yīng)的同義替換,進(jìn)而做不對(duì)題目。由此可見,那些我們平時(shí)不注意的很熟悉的一些詞匯,在考研的文章中完全有可能就是考點(diǎn)。
最后,老師建議大家在背單詞的時(shí)候一定要多關(guān)注這些點(diǎn)。對(duì)于那些一見如故的單詞不能直接跳過,要多留意下那些不常見的詞義。
下面附上真題中出現(xiàn)過的詞匯,供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
承認(rèn)
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We must allow that he is right on this matter
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address= to deal with 處理
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addressed the issue of absenteeism.
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advantage
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take advantage of 欺騙(deceive) 對(duì)……加以利用
take advantage of the customer. 欺騙消費(fèi)者
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appreciate v. 意識(shí)到 (realize) 抬高…價(jià)格、漲價(jià)
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I appreciate that I maybe wrong.
This land has appreciated in value.
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apprehension
憂慮、擔(dān)心;逮捕、理解
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The student looked around the examination room with apprehension.
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apprehensive
理解的,不安的,憂慮的
(意思和用法等同于afraid)
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apprehensive for sb.'s safety 擔(dān)心某人的安全
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approach=to begin to deal with or work on 著手
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approached the task with dread. 惶恐地開始著手這項(xiàng)任務(wù)
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arch
adj 調(diào)皮的,頑皮的 n.弓形
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an arch smile 調(diào)皮的微笑
He tapped the side of his nose in an uncharacteristically arch gesture.
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assume
承擔(dān),假裝,假定,設(shè)想
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assume an obligation
承擔(dān)義務(wù)
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bottle up 裝入瓶中,控制 (抑制)To hold in; restrain:
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bottled up my emotions.
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catering 公共飲食
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Most of our work now involves catering for weddings.
catering industry 公共飲食業(yè)
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check 控制 阻礙
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kept my temper in check;克制我的脾氣;holding agricultural pests in check with sprays.用噴霧劑滅農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲
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claim 索賠
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You can make a claim on your insurance policy.
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compound
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n.集中營(yíng)、圍欄隔開或保圍的建筑物或建筑群、化合物
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compromise 危害 妥協(xié)
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Such conduct will compromise your reputation.
如此舉動(dòng)將會(huì)損害你的名譽(yù)。
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contain v. 制服(To halt the spread or development of)
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The man was later contained by the police.
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context
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social context 社會(huì)大環(huán)境
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control 對(duì)照
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controlled experiment
controller 大企業(yè)的會(huì)計(jì)
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couch vt.表達(dá)(express), 隱含 n. 躺椅
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The reply was couched in insolent terms.
回答措辭蠻橫
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count n&v
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1計(jì)算;
2包括
There are 10 people in classroom counting 2 teachers
3控訴的罪
The prison was found not guilty on all counts
4以為,視為
She was counted among the greatest dancers
5 有價(jià)值
It is not how much you read but what you read that counts (重要的不是你讀了多少,而是你讀了什么)
6 count for 有價(jià)值
Their opinions count for little. Each basket counts for two points.
他們的觀點(diǎn)沒什么價(jià)值。每投一球得兩分
7 count on 信任 rely on, depend on
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crack down vi 制裁
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The police cracked down on speeding.
警察取締超速行車
The government cracked down on violators.
政府對(duì)于違法者采取嚴(yán)厲手段。
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crook 小偷,鉤子 =thief
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That salesman is a real crook.
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cultivate sb. 結(jié)識(shí)某人
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He always tried to cultivate famous people.
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deposit 押金 定金
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a $100 deposit toward the purchase of a stereo system.
為了買一套立體聲系統(tǒng),留下了100美元的訂金
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desert vt拋棄,沙漠 deserter 叛離者,逃兵
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She was deserted by her husband.
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dictate n. 指示(指理智,變心) 指導(dǎo)原則=
A guiding principle
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followed the dictates of my conscience.
接受我的良心的支配
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digest 忍受=
To endure or bear patiently.
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I can't digest her endless complaint noise a moment longer.
我一刻也忍受不了她那沒完沒了的抱怨。
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