2015考研英語重點語法總結(jié)之虛擬語氣
[摘要] 很多同學(xué)一提起考研英語備考就拿起詞匯書,立馬變身“抄寫哥”開始狂背單詞,仿佛考研英語的復(fù)習(xí)就只有背單詞這一件事情。 但在實際的考試中,又有很多同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn):在一個長難句中,也許整個句子中所有的單詞考生都認(rèn)識,但仍看不懂整個句子的意思。這其中原因主要是考生并沒有深刻的感受到英語語言的特點。

很多同學(xué)一提起考研英語備考就拿起詞匯書,立馬變身“抄寫哥”開始狂背單詞,仿佛考研英語的復(fù)習(xí)就只有背單詞這一件事情。 但在實際的考試中,又有很多同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn):在一個長難句中,也許整個句子中所有的單詞考生都認(rèn)識,但仍看不懂整個句子的意思。這其中原因主要是考生并沒有深刻的感受到英語語言的特點。英語它是有血有肉有骨骼的。單詞和短語只能說是英語的血肉,而英語的語法則是它的骨骼,要想吃透考研英語,考研英語語法是不可或缺的。
考研英語大綱中對要求考生掌握的語法知識有明確的要求。其中有幾個較大同時也較難的語法項目值得考生特別注意,因為這些語法知識一般也是命題人比較喜歡的。現(xiàn)在,小編就給大家總結(jié)一下這些常考的且難度相對較高的語法項目,以便幫助考生容易且有條理的掌握這些語法頑疾。
今天我們首先為大家梳理一下“虛擬語氣”方面的內(nèi)容。
虛擬語氣的考點分為以下4類:
(一) if 引導(dǎo)的從句類
由if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有兩種形式,一種是真實條件句,例如:If you ask him, you will get a satisfactory answer. 另一種形式是非真實條件句,通過虛擬語氣來表達,例如:If I were you, I would pursue the research and carry on the experiment until I get a result. 在這句話中,說話者假設(shè)“我是你”,但是真實情況并非如此,所以使用虛擬語氣。
(1)相反的非真實條件句,從句中用一般過去時,主句中用would/could/should加動詞原形,be 動詞的過去形式為were。
If I were the president, I would declare November 1 a national holiday.
(2)與過去事實相反的非真實條件句,從句中用過去完成時態(tài),主句中用would/could/should+have done。
If the passenger had got to the airport ten minutes before the departure time, he wouldn't have misses the flight.
(3)與將來事實相反的非真實條件句,從句中用should do或were to do 結(jié)構(gòu),主句中用would/could/should加動詞原形。
He is such a chain smoker. If he were to give up smoking tomorrow, I would walk on my head.
(4)混合時態(tài)的虛擬,指的是主句和從句分別表示兩個時態(tài),動詞形式依照上述三種形式相應(yīng)變化。
If he had put all the important files in the safe yesterday, his boss wouldn't be scolding him so angrily now.
(5)該類虛擬語氣經(jīng)常省略if, 將從句中的系動詞或助動詞提到主語之前,變成倒裝句,考生對這種形式應(yīng)該理解和掌握。
The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
(6) 表示虛擬含義的條件并不一定都使用條件句來表達,還可以通過其他形式來表示,例如with, without , under…condition, but for等,考生應(yīng)該注意。
But for the development of modern science and technology, man couldn't have walked on the moon.
(二) 從句中的(should)do 句型類
(1)英語中有些表示要求、建議、提議、命令、意愿等的形容詞、動詞和名詞,其后若跟隨有主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句或同位語從句,從句中的動詞要求用虛擬語氣形式,即動詞原形或should+動詞原形。
屬于該類的常見形容詞:advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, keen, necessary, preferable, urgent, vital等。
屬于該類的常見動詞有:advise, ask, beg, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist, intend, maintain, move, propose, order, recommend, request, require, resolve, suggest urge等。
屬于該類的常見名詞有:advice, decision, demand, desire, insistence, instruction, order, motion, preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution suggestion等。
例句:The board deemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away.
(2)由lest, for fear that, in case引起的從句也多用 “should+動詞原形”的形式表示虛擬語氣。
例如:I had to restrain him lest he should give us away.
(三) 特殊句型類
以下所列單詞或短語后所引出的從句,如果是現(xiàn)在的情況,要用一般過去式;如果是過去的情況,要用過去完成體。
(1) It is about/high time(that) “是……的時間了”。此句型要表達的含義是“早該”,言外之意就是目前還沒有發(fā)生,所以用虛擬語氣。
It is high time that the government took some measures to protect the environment.
(2) would rather/had rather “寧愿……”
I could go myself but I would rather you went.
(3) wish “希望……”
I wish I were as rich as you!
(4) If only “要是 ……就好了”
由if only 引導(dǎo)的句子經(jīng)常被用來表示不可能或很難實現(xiàn)的愿望,動詞過去式,be 動詞用were。也可以用來表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾,動詞用過去完成式,其作用相當(dāng)于I wish引導(dǎo)的句子。
例如:If only he weren't so thick-skinned.
If only you would listen to reason.
If only you hadn't told him what I said.
(5) as if/as though “仿佛,好像”
可以用來陳述事實,也可以用來表示假設(shè),(好像是什么而實際上或心里認(rèn)為根本不是那回事)。表示假設(shè)的句子中,動詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在,用過去完成式表示過去。
例如:Sometimes he acts as if he didn't have a brain in his head.
注意:as if引導(dǎo)的從句也可以用于真實語氣。
(四) 單用句型類
(1) should have done 本該做卻沒做
(2) should not have done 本不該做卻做了
(3) needn't have done 本沒有必要做卻做了
(此類句型還包括由其他助動詞would, could 等加上have done 的結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例句:We should have told them the truth from the beginning.
He shouldn't have blamed his son for breaking the glass.
I needn't have taken my umbrella, since the hotel prepared many for guests.