同學(xué)們?cè)诳佳姓Z(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常容易混淆同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)兩種從句的混淆有時(shí)會(huì)直接影響到閱讀文章的準(zhǔn)確理解及翻譯句子正確翻譯方法的采用,以下對(duì)兩種從句的區(qū)分方法進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)總結(jié),以便同學(xué)們輕松掌握。兩種從句的區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:
1. 從詞類上區(qū)別
同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞,而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞,主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句,如:
The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人們經(jīng)常討論大多數(shù)勞動(dòng)力將會(huì)在家里工作的可能性。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興。(定語(yǔ)從句)
2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇,如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息。)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)。)
3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別
有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略,that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替