2009年：

1. It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。

譯文：可以說(shuō)，衡量任何社會(huì)制度的價(jià)值在于它對(duì)擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響，但是這種影響并不是它最初動(dòng)機(jī)的組成部分。

2. Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。

譯文：只有逐步才能注意到一種制度的副作用，而要承認(rèn)這種副作用是執(zhí)行該制度的一種規(guī)定性因素則更加緩慢。

3. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults 。

譯文：在和年輕人交往時(shí)，我們?nèi)菀缀雎宰约旱男袨閷?duì)他們性格的影響，但是在與成人打交道時(shí)卻并不如此容易。

4. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability。

譯文：既然我們的主要任務(wù)是讓年輕人參與共同生活，我們禁不住要考慮是否我們正在形成獲得這種能力的力量。

5. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling。

譯文：因此，我們要在從一直考慮的整個(gè)教育過(guò)程中辨認(rèn)出一種比較正規(guī)的教育——直接教育或者學(xué)校教育。

2008年：

1. He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations。

譯文：他 達(dá)爾文 認(rèn)為，正是這種困難起了彌補(bǔ)作用，使他長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專(zhuān)注地思考每個(gè)句子，從而能在推理和親自觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。

2. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics。

譯文：他還認(rèn)為，在深入理解冗長(zhǎng)且完全抽象的一系列觀點(diǎn)方面，自己的能力非常有限；因此，他曾深信自己在數(shù)學(xué)方面本來(lái)就不該獲得成功。

3. On the other hand , he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning。

譯文：另一方面，一些批評(píng)家指責(zé)說(shuō)，盡管他善于觀察，但卻不能推理，他對(duì)此既不接受且認(rèn)為毫無(wú)根據(jù)。

4.He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully。”

譯文：他謙虛地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，或許他“和普通人相比，更能注意到他們?nèi)菀缀雎缘募?xì)節(jié)，更能對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)觀察”。

5. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character。

譯文：達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為，失去對(duì)音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)方面的興趣，不僅失去了幸福，還可能損傷智力，甚至更可能敗壞道德。

2007年：

1. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person。

譯文：傳統(tǒng)上，這些院校一直把學(xué)習(xí)法律看作是律師專(zhuān)有的特權(quán)，而不是每個(gè)受過(guò)教育的人所必備的一部分知識(shí)才能。

2. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news。

譯文：另一方面，通過(guò)采取與新聞?dòng)浾咴趫?bào)道和評(píng)論新聞時(shí)一樣的聯(lián)系方式，法律把這些觀念同日常生活實(shí)際聯(lián)系了起來(lái)。

3. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media。

譯文：但是，新聞?dòng)浾弑仨毐绕胀ü窀羁痰亓私夥桑@種觀點(diǎn)是基于對(duì)新聞媒體既定習(xí)俗和特殊責(zé)任的認(rèn)識(shí)基礎(chǔ)之上的。

4. In fact , it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian constitution can do a competent job on political stories。

譯文：事實(shí)上，那些沒(méi)有清楚把握加拿大憲法基本特征的新聞?dòng)浾呤侨绾文軌騽偃握涡侣剤?bào)道工作的，要想明白這一點(diǎn)是非常困難的。

5. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments。

譯文：雖然律師提供的評(píng)論和反饋可能會(huì)豐富報(bào)道的內(nèi)容，但是新聞?dòng)浾邞{借自己的重要觀點(diǎn)做出自己的判斷則更加難能可貴。

2006年：

1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（蘇格拉底）way about moral problems。

譯文：我認(rèn)為，知識(shí)分子的定義是這樣的：他選擇使用蘇格拉底式的方式來(lái)思考道德問(wèn)題，將此作為自己人生的首要任務(wù)，并從中獲得樂(lè)趣。

2. His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision。

譯文：他的職責(zé)與法官相似，要盡可能清楚明白地展示自己作出決定的推理過(guò)程，這是他必須承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。

3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems , he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems 。

譯文：我將普通科學(xué)家排除在外的原因是，盡管他的成果可能有助于解決道德問(wèn)題，但是他承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過(guò)是研究這些問(wèn)題的事實(shí)方面而已。

4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。

譯文：但是，正如我們并不期望商人專(zhuān)注于探索商業(yè)行為的準(zhǔn)則一樣，普通科學(xué)家的首要任務(wù)也不是考慮支配自己行為的道德規(guī)范。

5. They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment。

譯文：知識(shí)分子可能很善于教書(shū)，而且不僅僅是為了掙錢(qián)。但是，對(duì)于涉及道德判斷的人類(lèi)問(wèn)題，他們大多數(shù)人很少或者根本沒(méi)有進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。

2005年：

1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。

譯文：電視是引發(fā)和傳播這些感受的方式之一——在連接不同民族和國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系方面，電視以前也許還從來(lái)沒(méi)有像在歐洲最近發(fā)生的事件中那樣，起過(guò)如此重大的作用。

2. In Europe , as elsewhere multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another 。

譯文：像其他地方一樣，歐洲的多媒體集團(tuán)變得越來(lái)越成功，他們把相互之間關(guān)系密切的電視、廣播、報(bào)紙、雜志、出版社組合在一起。

3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989。

譯文：僅這一點(diǎn)就足以表明，要在電視行業(yè)里生存不是一件容易的事情；有統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了這個(gè)事實(shí)，在1989年歐洲80個(gè)電視網(wǎng)中，有50%以上的出現(xiàn)了虧損。

4. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。

譯文：不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)把歐洲大陸編織在一起，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統(tǒng)的“歐洲特征”絕非易事，需要做出戰(zhàn)略性的選擇。

5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale , it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。

譯文：在應(yīng)對(duì)如此規(guī)模挑戰(zhàn)的過(guò)程中，可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)：“聯(lián)合，我們就勝利；分裂，我們就失敗”。